Armature for dynamo-electric machines



(N0 Model.)

S HVSHORTI 3 sheets-sheet 1,. ARMATURB FOR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHINES No.587,765. Patented Aug. 10,1897.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. S.H.SH0RT ARMATURE POR DYNAMO ELECTRICMACHINES.

170,587,765. Patented Aug. 10, 1897.

,Fg/7 6. if? 7 9g/78 (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

S. H. SHORT. ARMATUEE ECR DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINES. No. 587,765.Patented Aug. 10,1897.

0 N 4" 4 wm@ 4 17 l Z1 `0" E 0 i( 747zee. lzvz UNITED i STATES PATENTOFFICE.

SIDNEY lI. SIIOR'I, OF CLEVELAND, OIIIO.

ARNIATURE FOR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part ef Lett-ers Patent No. 587,765, dated August10, 1897'.

Application filed March 29, 1897. Serial No. 629,780. (No modelgl To allwtont t Ntrty concern:

Be it known that I, SIDNEY ll. SHORT, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, haveinvented a new and useful Armature for Dynamo-Electric Machines, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to armatures for dynaine-electric machines andthe man uf actu re thereof.

The object of thel invention is to provide an armature fordynamo-electric machines wherein ample provision is made for expansionand contraction Aof the parts, wherein shrinkage strains in the castingsare avoided, and wherein a desirable ventilation is secured.

A further object of the invention is to so improve the manufacture ofarmatures as to provide standard relations of parts whereby variationsin the size and capacity of inachines may be readily and easily secured.

A further object of the invention is to provide an armature of simpleand im proved construction, thoroughly eflicient, and the parts of whichmay be readily and easily assembled.'

Other objects of the invention will appear more fully hereinafter.

The inven tion consists,substantially, in the construction, combination,location, relative arrangement of parts, and inode of procedure, all aswill be more fully hereinafter set forth, as shown in the accompanyingdrawings, and finally specifically pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings and to the various views andsigns appearing thereon, Figure l is a view in perspective, parts beingbroken out, of an armature constructed in accordance with my invention.Fig. 2 is a detached detail view illustrating the manner of assemblingthe laminations or plates. Fig. 3 is a detached detail sectional view ofthe same on the line 3 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4t is a view illustrating theform of plate employed in the construction of my armature before it hasbeen. subjected to any of the several steps for reducing the same toproper condition for use. Fig. 5 is a similar view of the same afterbeing provided with the perforations. Fig. G is a similar viewillustrating the plate after the ends thereof have been beveled. Fig. 7is a similar view after the outer edge of the plate has been reduced tocircular contour. Fig. S is a similar View after the plate is providedwith the slots and teeth for receiving the armature-windings. Fig'. 9 isa view in bottom plan of a suitable form of die for perforating theplates. Fig. l0 is a view illustrating an operative form of means forbeveling the ends of the plates. Fig. Il is a similar view of anillustrative form of means for reducing the outer edge of the plate tocircular contour. Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating an operativeform of means for providing the outer edge of the plate with slots orteeth.

The same part is designated by the same reference-sign wherever itoccurs throughout the several views.

In the practical and economical manufacture of armatures fordynamo-electric machines it is important to provide a standardconstruction and arrangement of parts. In order to carry this idea intopractical effect, I provide in Ithe present invention a standardlamination sheet-that is, standard as to width and depth of slot andwidth and depth of tooth, into which slots are received standardsections of ind uctors, the only differences for different sizes,speeds, or capacities of machines being in the angle of bevel of theends of the laminations and in the radius of circle to which the outeredge of the laminations is cut-that is to say, in accordance with theprinciple of my invention if a machine is to be constructed to give acertain output at a certain speed I build up the armature thereof with acertain number of plates or laminations arranged peripherally. Now if itshould be desired to build a larger or smaller machine with a differentoutput or different speed I increase the number of theperipherally-arran ged laminations or plates correspondingly, as theoutput or speed is to beincreased or decreased, and I also slightlyincrease or decrease, as the case may be7 the width of the armature-faceand also the number of poles the machine is to have. rlhus I avoid thenecessity of a multiplicity of dies and tools and different sizes ofplates or laminations for the armature-core, and I produce a standardarmature-core lamination which lOO may be kept in stock, thus providingan cxeellent economical practical system.

In carrying my invention into practice I provide an ordinary sheet A, ofiron, Fig. el., which sheet may be about two feet long by about twelveinches wide. The first step in the operation of preparing said sheet foruse is to provide the same with holes or perforations. These may beformed in any suitable or convenient manner and preferably as near oneof the sides thereof as possible, as indicated in Fi'g. 5, so that theywill lie wholly within the outline of the plate for a purpose presentlyto be described. The location of the perforations is so relativelyarranged that the centers thereof will be one-fourth of the distancefrom the ends of the plate after the said ends are properly beveled, aswill presently be described. Many different constructions and forms ofapparatus maybe employed for producing the holes or perforations in theplates or laminations.

As illustrative of a simple and convenient form of operative'means Ihave shown in Fig. 9, in plan, a form of standard die for accomplishingthe desired purpose, and in order to adapt the same to different sizesand relative arrangement of perforations I may, if desired, make thepunches B B relatively adjustable, as shown, by suitable adjustingmeans, as shown at C. Thus the same die may be employed for punching theplates or laminations in the various sizes of machines which it may bedesired to construct.

After the perforations 2O are formed in the plates the next step in theoperation of producing standard plates is to reduce the ends of theplates to the proper bevels to produce the desired size ofarmature-core. In order to carry out the idea of a standardconstruction, it is important that the two ends of each plate be reducedto such bevels that each of such ends will lie in the radius of a circlethe center of which concides with the axis of the armature-shaf t in thecompleted machine, and since the machines vary in circumferenceaccording to the capacity, output, and speed it is important that thebevels of the ends of the plates, in order to secure uniform andstandard results, should vary in relative inclination according to thesize of the machines and the number of its poles. This idea may becarried into practical effect in many different wa ys, and manydifferent forms of mechanism may be devised to ca rry the same outpractically. y

In Fig. l0 I have shown as an illustration of an operative arrangementfor accomplishing the desired object two pairs of coperating shears.These pairs of shears, in the particular form shown, are mounted forrelativo' adjustment about a center 2l, which should be so related as tocorrespond with the axis of the armature-shaft in the completed machine.I so arrange the shears that the angle d between them corresponds to theangle ineluded between. the two ends of the plate when built up into anarmature-coro, and for varying conditions in this respect such angle maybe adjusted by relatively adjusting the shears about the center 2l, asby means of a screw 22, and the cutting portion of the shears may beadjusted radially with respect to the center 2l, as by means of theslots 23 and bolts 24, to suit the requirements of practice. The sheetmay be supported in suitable or convenient position to be operated on bythe shears, and in practice the perforations 20, previously formedtherein, may be employed for such purpose.

In Fig. G I have shown the plate I) after having the ends thereofreduced to the de sired bevel.

The next step in the operation is to reduce the outer edge of the plateto the required or desired curvature corresponding to the eircumferenceofthe armature after completion.

This may be accomplished in many different ways.

In Fig. Il I have shown as illustrative of an operative means a frame E,in which is pivotally mounted an arm 25 upon a pivot 2G, correspondingto the geometrie center of the armature when completed, and which pivotmay be adjustable, as shown, as by means of an adjusting-screw 27, tosuit different sizes of armatures. The arm carries a pair of pins 2S,adapted to receive the perforations 2O of the plates D, by which saidplates are properly held in suitable standard relation to a eutter29, ofsuitable construction. By swinging the arm 25 about its pivot the cutter2*. effects a proper reduction of the outer edge thereof to the desiredcurvature. The plate after being thus reduced is shown in Fig. 7.

The next step in the operation of producing the standard plates orlaminations is to provide the slots S and teeth T in the outer or curvededge thereof. In Fig. -12 I have shown as illustrative of operativemeans for accomplishing this desired object an arm 30, pivotallymounted, as at 3l, said pivot corresponding to the geometric center ofthe complete armatnre and made ad j ustable,as shown at 32, to snitdifferent sizes of armatures. The plate D, with the perforations andhaving its ends beveled and its outer edge reduced to the propercurvature, is arranged to receive the pins 33, carried by said arm 30 inthe perforations thereof in order to secure a standard relation of theplates to a suitable punching-die 34;, by which the teeth and slots areproduced in the outer or curved edge of the plate. A pinsuitablyinserted through a perforation 35 in arm 30 and into any one ofthe perforations 3G of frame 37 serves to hold the arm in properposition for the die S-.t to operate on the plate.

In Fig. S I have shown the plate or lamination I) after beingprovidedwith the teeth and slots in the curved edge thereof.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that I produce standardsizes of plates or laminations, the perforations, the beveled IOC IIO

ends, curved outer edges, the teeth, and the slots of all the plates ofany particular size of plate being exactly duplicated throughout all theplates of that size and the inner edge of all the plates being straight.'lhe plates are now ready to be built up into an armature, and since forany particular size of machine the plates are all exact duplicates thework of assembling the plates to form the core is greatly facilitatedand simplified.

I will now describe the construction and arrangement of arm ature-coreembodying my invention, particular reference being had to Figs. l, 2,and 3, wherein reference-sign F designates the armature-shaft, uponwhich is adapted to be slipped the hub G. This hub is reduced inexternal diameter for a portion of the length thereof, as indicated atII. Gast integrally with hub G are a series of spokes J, carrying'flanges K, for supporting the ends of the inductor-seetions. Theseanges are separated from each other by the slits or openings L, whichmay be produced by inserting in the mold in which the hub, spokes, andiianges are cast sheets of asbestos or of iron lined on both sides withasbestos at the proper points. After the armature is completed theseslits may be filled with wooden blocks or strips and finally finishedover so that they may not be seen. By the provision of these slits oropenings L, I avoid the serious objection of shrinkage strains in thecasting and also allow for expansion and contraction of the parts. Overthe reduced portion II of the hub I slip another hub or spider M, havingthe integral spokes N and flanges O, with slots L between contiguousportions of the flanges and spokes similar to the above-describedconstruction an d arrangement with reference to hub G and its spokes andflange portions. Thus in both cases each spoke and its integral flangeportion are entirely free from the adjacent spoke and its flangeportion. Through each spoke on both hubs G M are formed a pair of holesor openings through which I pass the bolts P. These bolts are for thepurpose of supporting the laminations or plates and for clamping thesame together and between the opposing faces of flanges l( O. Upon thereduced portion II of hub G is also mounted a hub or spider Q, which maybe spoked, if desired, and which carries the com mutator-bars R withtheir leads, to which the armature-windings or inductor-sections afterbeing placed in the slots S of the plates are connected in the usualmanner. The same key V maybe employed to pass through hubs Q and M to'secure the same against relative rotation with respect to hub G, and bythis means the relative positions of the several hubs will not bedisturbed should the entire armature be slipped from the shaft F. Sinceall the laminations or plates D have their ends beveled on lines radialto the axis of shaft F, and since the outer edge of each plate lies inthe circumference of the same circle struck from the axis of the shaft Fas a center, and since the two holes or perforations of each platecorrespond exactly in relative position to the same holes in each of theother plates, it is an exceedingly easy matter to build up the armatureby successively stringing the plates on the bolts I).

In practice I prefer to lap-joint the successive layers of plates orlaminations, as indicated in Fig. 2, in which case the inner or straightedges 4() of the laminations of one layer will be angular with respectto the straight edges al of the laminations of the next succeedinglayer, thereby leaving on the inner surface of the armature a series ofpockets or cavities U, formed at the abutting ends of the laminations ofeach layer, the next adjacent layersforming the side Walls of suchcavities or pockets, as clearly shown in Figs. 9 and 3. These cavitiesor pockets with their surfaces exposed to the air provide an excellentmeans for radiating and dissipating the heat developed in thearmaturecore, and thus avoids the necessity of providing' Ventilatingducts or passages through the armature, as has heretofore been thecustom. In order that this lap-jointing may be effected with facility,it will of course be understood that the distance between the two boltsP, which pass through each arm N of the hub, must be the same as thedistance each of said bolts and the adjacent bolt of the next spider-armN, and this distance must correspond exactly with the distance betweenthe holes 2O in the plates or laminations. By placing the bolt-holes 2Oclose to the inner straight edge of the plate or lamination the bolts I)will be entirely within that portion of the lamination which forms themagnetic ring. Therefore it is impossible for any of the lines of forceto pass inside of these bolts and set up currents of any strength inthem.

Having now set forth the object and nature of my invention and themethod of carrying the same into practical effect, I desire it to beunderstood that I do not limit or confine myself to the exact details ofconstruction and arrangement or order of steps herein set forth, as manyvariations therefrom and changes therein would readily suggestthemselves to persons skilled in the art and still fall within thespirit and scope of my invention; but

lVhat I claim as new and useful and of my own invention, and desire tosecure byLetters Patent of the United States, is-

l. A plate orlamination for armature-cores, having the ends thereofbeveled to lines radial to the armature center, the outer edge curved tothe circuinference of a circle struck from the center of the armature,and the inner edge straight, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A plate or lamination for armature-cores having the ends thereofbeveled to lines radial to the armature center, the outer edge curved tothe circumference of a circle struck from the center of the armature,and having teeth IIO and slots formed therein, said plates having theirinner edge straight and provided with perforations, as and for thepurpose set forth.

3. The method of manufacturing standard plates or laminations forarmatures, which consistsin reducing the ends of suitable plates tobevels corresponding to lines radial to the center of the armature,reducing the outer edge of such plates to the circumference of a circlestruck from the geometric center of the armature, and forming in suchouter edge teeth and slots, and forming in such plates holes orperforations near the inner edge thereof, as and for the purpose setforth.

4. In an armature, a hub having integral spokes and lian ge portions,the individual spokes and fiange portions being separated from eachother, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In an armature, a built-up or laminated core7 the inner edges of saidlamiuations be-v ing straight, adjacent layers of such laminations beinglap-jointed, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In an armature, a hub or spider having integral radial spokes andflange portions, the individual spokes and flange portions beingseparated from each other, a cooperating hub or spider having similarseparated spokes and flange portions,bolts arranged to pass throughperforations in said spokes, and a series of laminations or plates'perforated to receive said bolts therethrough, said plates beinginterposed between said hubs, as and for the purpose set forth.

'7. In an armature, a hub or spider having the outer circumference of aportion of the end thereof reduced, a second hub or spider mounted onSaid reduced portion, said hubs provided with separated andcorresponding spokes and flanges, a series of toothed and slotted platesinterposed between said hubs,-

and bolts arranged to support said plates and to clamp the same togetherand between said hubs, as and for the purpose set forth.

S. In an armature, a hub or spider having the outer circumference of aportion of the end thereof reduced, a second hub or spider mounted onsaid reduced portion,laminations interposed between said hubs, bolts forsupporting the same and clamping said hubs together, as and for thepurpose set forth.

, 9. In an armature, a hub or spider having the outer circumference of aportion of the end thereof reduced, a second hub mounted on said reducedportion, lam'inations interposed between said hubs and adapted tosupport the inductor-sections, bolts arranged to support saidlaminations and adapted to clamp the same between said hubs, and acommutator-hub also mounted on said reduced portion, and means forkeying said several hubs together, as and for the purpose set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 20th day of March,1897, in the presence of the subscribing witnesses.

SIDNEY H. SHORT.

Witnesses:

M. A. KENSINGER, JOHN J. BEVER.

